Ann, P.J., Lee, H.L. and Huang, T.C. (1999) ‘Brown root rot of 10 species of fruit trees caused by Phellinus noxius in Taiwan’. Plant Disease, 83, pp. 746–750.
Ann, P.J., Chang, T.T. and Ko, W.H. (2002) ‘Phellinus noxius brown root rot of fruit and ornamental trees in Taiwan’. Plant Disease, 86, pp. 820–826.
Arbortools (HK) Limited (2017) Cobra Tree Support System. Arbortools (HK) Limited. Accessed 25/12/2018 via https://www.arbor.tools/product-category/cobra-tree-support-system
Argus-electronic gmbh (2018) PICUS Tree Motion Sensor 3. Argus-electronic gmbh. Accessed 22/12/2018 via http://www.argus-electronic.de/en/tree-inspection/products/picus-tree-motion-sensor-3
Barton, C.V.M and Montagu, K.D. (2004) ‘Detection of tree roots and determination of root diameters by ground penetrating radar under optimal conditions’. Tree Physiology, 24, pp. 1323–1331.
Baum, S., Sieber, T., Schwarze, F.W.M.R. and Fink, S. (2003) Latent infections of Fomes fomentarius in the xylem of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)’. Mycological Progress, 2(2), pp. 141-148.
Bolland, L. (1984) ‘Phellinus noxius: cause of a significant root-rot in Queensland hoop pine plantations’. Australian Forestry, 47, pp. 2–10.
Brooks, F.E. (2002) Brown root rot. The Plant Health Instructor. Accessed 24/11/2018 via https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/Basidiomycetes/Pages/BrownRootRot.aspx
Brudi, E. (2000) Tree bracing-new systems – new techniques. Accessed 27/12/2018 via http://www.treeconsult.org/upload/mediapool/pdf/baumpflege_und_kronensicherungen/tree-bracing-new-systems.pdf
Burcham, D.C, Wong, J.Y., Ali, M.I.M., Abarrientos Jr, N.V., Fong, Y.K. and Schwarze, F.W.M.R. (2015) ‘Characterization of host–fungus interactions among wood decay fungi associated with Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss (Meliaceae) in Singapore’. Forest pathology, 45(6), pp. 492-504.
Cermak, J., Hruska, J., Martinkova, M., Prax, A. (2000) ‘Urban tree root system and their survival near houses analysed using ground penetrating radar and sap flow techniques’. Plant Soil, 219, pp. 103–116.
Chang, T.T. (1996) ‘Survival of Phellinus noxius in soil and in the roots of dead host plants’. Phytopathology, 86, pp. 272–276.
Chang, T.T. and Chang, R.J. (1999) ‘Generation of volatile ammonia from urea fungicidal to Phellinus noxius in infested wood in soil under controlled conditions’. Plant Pathology, 48, pp. 337–344.
Chang, T.T. and Yang, W.W. (1998) ‘Phellinus noxius in Taiwan: distribution, host plants and the pH and texture of the rhizosphere soils of infected hosts’. Mycological Research, 102, pp. 1085-1088.
Chung, C.L., Huang, S-Y, Huang, Y.C., Tzean, S.S., Ann, P.J., Tsai, J.N., et al. (2015) ‘The Genetic Structure of Phellinus noxius and Dissemination Pattern of Brown Root Rot Disease in Taiwan’. PLoS ONE, Oct 2015, 10(10): e0139445.
Development Bureau (2015) Guideline for tree risk assessment and management arrangement 8th edition. Hong Kong, Development Bureau.
Dix, N.J. and Webster, J. (1995) Fungal Ecology. London, Chapman & Hall.
Eriksson, K.E.L., Blanchette, R. and Ander, P. (1990) Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation of Wood and Wood Components. Switzerland, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Eyles, A, Davies, N.W. and Mohammed, C. (2003) ‘Wound wood formation in Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens: anatomy and chemistry’. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33, pp. 2331-2339.
Fink, S. (2009) ‘Hazard tree identification by visual tree assessment (VTA): Scientifically solid and practically approved’. Arboricultural Journal, 32(3), pp. 139-155.
Farid, A.M., Maziah, S.S.L. and Patahayah, M. (2009) ‘Pathogenicity of Rigidoporus microporus and Phellinu noxius against four major plantation tree species in peninsular Malysia’. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 21(4), pp. 289-298.
Gardiner, B.A. and Quine, C.P. (2000) ‘Management of forests to reduce the risk of abiotic damage – a review with particular reference to effects of strong winds’. Forest Ecology and Management, 135(1-3), pp. 261-277.
Gazal, V., Bailez, O., Viana-Bailez, A.M., Aguiar-Menezes, E.D.L. and Menezes, E.B. (2012) ‘Decay wood affecting the attraction of the pest arboretum termite Nasutitermes corniger (Isoptera: Termitidae) to resource food’. Sociobiology, 59(1), pp, 287-295.
Gilman, E.F. (2003) ‘Branch-to-stem diameter ratio affects strength of attachment’. Journal of Arboriculture, 29(5), pp. 291-294.
Gruber, F. (2008) ‘Untenable failure criteria for trees: I. The residual wall thickness rule’. Arboricultural Journal, 31(1), pp. 5-18.
Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. and Lorito, M. (2004) ‘Trichoderma species-opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts’. Nature Review Microbiology, 2, pp. 43–56.
Hruska. J., Cermak, J. and Sustek, S. (1999) ‘Mapping tree root systems with ground penetrating radar’. Tree Physiology, 19, pp. 125–130.
Kane, B., Ryan, H.D.P. and Bloniarz, D.V. (2001) ‘Comparing formulae that assess strength loss due to decay in trees’. Journal of Arboriculture, 27(2), pp. 78-87.
Kane, B. and Ryan, H.D.P. (2004) ‘The accuracy of formulas used to assess strength loss due to decay in trees’. Journal of Arboriculture, 30(6), pp. 347-356.
Kan, B, Farrell, R., Zedaker, S.M., Loferski, J.R. and Smith, D.W. (2008) ‘Failure mode and predication of the strength of branch attachments’. Arboricultural and Urban Forestry, 34(5), pp. 308-316.
Kersten, W. and Schwarze, F. W.M.R. (2005) ‘Development of decay in the sapwood of trees wounded by the use of decay detecting devices’. Arboricultural Journal, 28(3), pp. 165-181.
La Spina, S., De Cannière, C., Dekri, A. and Grégoire, J.C. (2013) ‘Frost increases beech susceptibility to scolytine ambrosia beetles’. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 15, pp. 157–167.
Leduc, D., Gris, P., Lheureux, P., Gevenois, P.A., de Vuyst, P and Yernault, J.C. (1992) ‘Acute and long term respiratory damage following inhalation of ammonia’. Thorax 47: 755–757.
Leong, E.C., Burcham, D.C and Fong, Y.K. (2012) ‘A purposeful classification of tree decay detection tools’. Arboricultural Journal, 34(2), pp. 91-115.
Lin, C.J., Wang, S.Y., Lin, F.C. and Chiu, C.M. (2003) ‘Effect of moisture content on the drill resistance value in Taiwania plantation wood’. Wood and Fiber Science, 35(2), pp. 234-238.
Maple, D. (2016) Cabling and Bracing. Spokane, A.B.C. Consulting Arborist LLC. Accessed 26/12/2018 via http://abcarborist.com/cabling-and-bracing
Mattheck, C., Bethge, K. and Albrecht, W. (1997) ‘How to read the results of resistograph M’. Arboricultural Journal, 21, pp. 331-346.
Mattheck, C. and Breloer, H. (1998) The Body Language of Trees. London, The Stationery Office.
Mattheck, C., Bethge, K., Tesari, I.I. and Kappel, R. (2002) ‘A new failure criterion for non decayed solitary trees’. Arboricultural Journal, 26, pp. 43-54.
Mattheck, C. and Bethge, K (2005) ‘A critic of the static integrated analysis (SIA) Method’. Arboricultural Journal, 28, pp. 191-199.
Mukhin, V.A. and Votintseva, A. (2002) ‘Basidiospore germination and conidial stages in the life cycles of Fomes fomentarius and fomitopsis pinicola (fungi, polyporales)’. Polish Botanical Journal, 47(2), pp. 265-272.
Naseby, D.C., Pascual, J.A. and Lynch, J.M. (2000) ‘Effect of biocontrol strains of Trichoderma on plant growth, Pythium ultimum population, soil microbial communities and soil enzyme activities’. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88, pp. 161–169.
Nichols, P., McCallum, A. and Lucke, T (2017) ‘Using ground penetrating radar to locate and categorise tree roots urban pavement. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 27, pp. 9-14.
Ow, L.F. and Sim, E.K (2012) ‘Detection of urban tree roots with the ground penetrating radar’. Plant Biosystems – An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 146(sup1), pp.288-297.
Pearce, R.B. (1990) ‘Occurrence of decay-associated xylem suberization in a range of woody species’. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 20, pp.275-289.
Pegler, D.N. (1973) Aphyllophorales IV: Poriod Families. pp 397-400. In G.C. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow, and A.F. Sussman (eds.), The Fungi. Vol. IV B. Academic Press.
Petrini, O. (1991) Fungal endophytes of tree leaves. In: Andrews, J.H., Hirano, S.S. (eds.). Microbial ecology of leaves, pp. 179-197. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Rainbow Treecare (2018) Tree Support System. Minnetonka, Rainbow Treecare. Accessed 26/12/2018 via https://www.rainbowtreecare.com/fact-sheets/Tree-Support-Systems-Fact-Sheet.pdf
Rayner, A.D.M. and Boddy, L. (1988). Fungal decomposition of wood: Its biology and ecology. Wiley, Chichester.
Ribera, J., Tang, A.M.C., Lam, R.Y.C., Chu, L.M., Leung, M.W.K., Kwan, H.S., Bas, M.C. and Schwarze, F.W.M.R. (2016) ‘In-vitro evaluation of Antagonistic Trichoderma strains for eradicating Phellinus noxius in colonised wood’. Journal of Tropical Science, 28(4), pp. 457-468.
Rinn, F. (2012) ‘Basics of typical resistance-drilling profiles’. Western Arborist. WCISA Winter, pp. 30-32.
Rinn, F. (2014) ‘Typical Trends in Resistance Drilling Profiles of Trees’. Arborist News, Feb 2014, pp. 42-47.
Rinn, F. (2015) ‘Key to evaluating resistance drilling profiles’. Western Arobrist, Fall 2015, pp. 38-41.
Rinn, F., Schweingruber, F.H. and Scha¨r E. (1996) ‘Resistograph and X-ray density charts of wood. Comparative evaluation of drill resistance profiles and X-ray density charts of different wood species’. Holzforschung, 50(4), pp. 303–311.
Rizzo, D.M. and Gross, R. (2000) Distribution of Armillaria on pear root systems and a comparison of root excavation techniques. In: Stokes A, ed. The supporting roots of trees and woody plants: form, function and physiology – Developments in plant and soil sciences. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publish.
Satriani, A., Loperte, A., Proto, M. and Bavusi, M. (2010) ‘Building damage caused by tree roots: laboratory experiments of GPR and ERT surveys’. Advanced Geoscience, 24, pp. 133–137.
Schwarze, F. W. M. R. (1994) ‘Wood rotting fungi. Fomes fomentarius (L.:Fr.) Fr’. Mycologist, 8, pp. 131-133.
Schwarze, F.W.M.R., Engels, J. and Mattheck, C. (2004) Fungal strategies of wood decay in trees. 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Schwarze, F. W. M. R., and Heuser, C. (2006) ‘Stem wounds – Potential entry courts for wood decay fungi’, Arboricultural Journal, 29, pp. 101–119.
Shigo, A.L. and Marx, H.G. (1977) Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees. Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Information Bulletin 405.
Shigo, A.L. (1979) Tree decay : an expanded concept. Washington D.C., Agriculture Information bulletin 419.
Sinclair, W.A., Lyon, H.H. and Johnson, W.T. (1987) Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. Cornell University Press. pp. 346-347.
Slater, D. and Ennos, R. (2016) ‘An assessment of the movement behaviour of bifurcations in hazel (Corylus avellana L.) under dynamic wind loading using triaxial accelerometers’. Arboricultural Journal, 38(4), pp. 183-203.
Smiley and Lily (2007) Best Management Practices: Tree Support Systems, Cabling, Bracing, Guying and Propping (revised). Illinois, International Society of Arboriculture.
Stokes, A., Fourcaud, T., Hruska, J, Cermak, J., Nadyezhdin, N and Praus, L. (2002) ‘An evaluation of different methods to investigate root system architecture of urban trees in situ: Ground penetrating radar’. Journal of Arboriculture, 28, pp. 1–9.
Tree Management Office (2012) Guideline on brown root rot disease. Hong Kong, Tree Management Office. Assessed 25/11/2018 via https://www.greening.gov.hk/filemanager/content/pdf/knowledge_database/Guidelines_on_Brown_Root_Rot_Disease(version_for_the_general_public)EN.pdf
Tree Radar Inc. (2018) TRUTM System and Software. Silver Spring, Tree Radar Inc. Assessed 4/11/2018 via http://www.treeradar.com/ContactUs.htm
Ukrainetz, N. K. and O’Neill, G. A. (2010). ‘An analysis of sensitivities contributing measurement error to Resistograph values’. Canadian Journal of Forrest Research, 40, pp. 806–811.
Weber, K., and Mattheck, K. (2006) ‘The effect of excessive drilling on wood decay in trees’. Trees –Structure and Function, 20(2), pp. 224–228.
Wilcox, W.W. (1978) ‘Review of literature on the effects of early stages of decay on wood strength’. Wood and Fiber, 9(4), pp.252-257.
Young, G. H. F., Demmler,J,C, Gunnarson B. E., Kirchhefer A. J., Loader N. J. and McCarroll, D. (2011) ‘Age trends in tree ring growth and isotopic archives: A case study of Pinus sylvestris L. from northwestern Norway’, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 25, GB2020.
Portfolios of Tree Risk Cases in Hong Kong 